面有可触及肿物的超声鉴别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他病变.. Urachal Cyst 疣尿管出血A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )疣尿管出血见于疣和膀胱之间，通常坐落疣尿管的下1/3 ，但也可见于大部分坐落疣下。这些出血可展现为实质上无回音或偏高回音。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 上图11A，疣尿管出血，此出血已受感染，内部含有稀薄回音的固体。B，疣尿管出血，虚弱的出血前壁造成反射伪影。

..Endometriosis阴道乳腺甲状腺肿Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).浸润阴道乳腺甲状腺肿是阴道手术后的长期合并症，无特殊展现，但可于以前手术的瘢痕处见一局部肿物，并有震荡的疼痛和肿胀。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 上图12 ，剖宫产脸颊处阴道乳腺甲状腺肿

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 浸润血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).腹直肌鞘血肿可发生于发作连续性发烧后、打喷嚏或脑瘤发作后，其主因通常是抗凝治疗或出血连续性疾病。由于血肿限制于腹直肌鞘内，通常不很大，其形状根据所处位置而定，在弓状中央线以上，血肿常为卵圆形，长轴呈上下方向，可于一侧见过（上图13A）；在弓状中央线以下，由于腹白中央线缺如，可扩展偏东中中央线，因此血肿展现为分锯齿状，其最大大小坐落中点上。在患儿浸润血肿可见于疣上横向扩展（上图13B、C）。术后弥散连续性血管内凋亡的产妇可于浸润手术瘢痕附近见过大的血肿（上图13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 上图13A，一中年妇女剧烈发烧后腹直肌鞘血肿，箭头请示腹横筋膜。B，患儿浸润血肿。C，一患儿疣腹腔附着处上面的浸润血肿。UV，疣腹腔。D，一弥散连续性血管内凋亡的剖宫产术后产妇疤痕处浸润血肿。

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